国产裸拍裸体视频在线观看,伊人情人综合网,东京道一本热中文字幕,亚洲av在线观看

　　論文翻譯不僅是語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且要對該論文涉及到的領(lǐng)域有著專業(yè)的認識，下面北京翻譯公司給大家說說論文翻譯常用的方法有什么?

　　Paper translation is not only a conversion between languages, but also a professional understanding of the fields involved in the paper. Now Beijing Translation Company will tell you what methods are commonly used in paper translation.

　　1、采用增譯法進行論文翻譯

　　1. Additional translation method is used to translate papers

　　增譯法指根據(jù)英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習(xí)慣和表達方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英的論文翻譯里。通過增譯，一能保證譯文語法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二可以保證譯文意思的明確。

　　Additional translation refers to adding some words, short sentences or sentences to the translation according to the different ways of thinking, language habits and expressions in English and Chinese so as to express the meaning contained in the original text more accurately. This method is mostly used in the translation of Chinese-English papers. By adding translations, one can guarantee the integrity of the grammatical structure of the translated text and the other can guarantee the clarity of the meaning of the translated text.

　　2、采用省譯法進行論文翻譯

　　2. Translating papers by omission

　　省譯法是與增譯法相對應(yīng)的一種論文翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語思維習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣和表達方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。

　　Elimination is a method of translating papers corresponding to augmentation, that is, to delete words that do not conform to the thinking habits, language habits and expressions of the target language, so as to avoid redundancy in the translation.

　　3、采用轉(zhuǎn)換法進行論文翻譯

　　3. Translating papers by the method of transformation

　　轉(zhuǎn)換法：指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對原句中的詞類、句型和語態(tài)等進行轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　Conversion: It refers to the conversion of parts of speech, sentence patterns and voices in the original sentence in order to make the translation conform to the expression, method and habits of the target language in the process of translation.

　　比如在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動詞;把動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語。在句子成分方面，把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;把謂語變成主語、定語、表語;把定語變成狀語、主語;把賓語變成主語。在句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句等等，從而簡單順利地完成論文翻譯。

　　For example, in terms of part of speech, nouns are transformed into pronouns, adjectives and verbs; verbs are transformed into nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions; and adjectives are transformed into adverbs and phrases. In terms of sentence components, the subject is changed into adverbial, attributive, object and predicate; the predicate into subject, attributive and predicate; the attributive into adverbial and subject; and the object into subject. In the aspect of sentence pattern, the thesis translation can be completed simply and smoothly by transforming the juxtaposition sentence into the compound sentence, the compound sentence into the juxtaposition sentence, the adverbial clause into the attributive clause and so on.

　　4、正譯法和反譯法

　　4. Positive and Reverse Translation

　　這兩種論文翻譯方法也經(jīng)常被大家使用。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語相同的語序或表達方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達方式譯成英語。

　　These two methods of translating papers are also often used. The so-called orthogonal translation refers to the translation of sentences into English according to the same word order or expression as Chinese. The so-called reverse translation refers to the translation of sentences into English according to the word order or expression opposite to Chinese.

　　5、采用倒置法進行論文翻譯。

　　5. Translating papers by inversion

　　在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位于被修飾語之前;在英語中，許多修飾語常常位于被修飾語之后，因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢,即對英語長句按照漢語的習(xí)慣表達法進行前后調(diào)換，按意群或進行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用于漢譯英。

　　In Chinese, attributive modifiers and adverbial modifiers often precede the modifiers; in English, many modifiers often precede the modifiers, so the word order of the original text is often reversed in translation. Inversion is usually used in English-Chinese translation, that is to say, long English sentences are exchanged back and forth according to the customary expression of Chinese, and all of them are inverted according to the group of meanings. The principle is to make the arrangement of Chinese sentences conform to the general logical order of modern Chinese theoretical narration. Sometimes inversion is also used in Chinese-English translation.

　　6、綜合法

　　6. Comprehensive Method

　　綜合法是指單用某種翻譯技巧無法進行論文翻譯時，著眼篇章，以邏輯分析為基礎(chǔ)，同時使用轉(zhuǎn)換法、倒置法、增譯法、省譯法、拆句法等多種翻譯論文的技巧和方法!

　　The comprehensive method refers to the techniques and methods of translating papers, such as conversion, inversion, addition, omission, parsing, etc., when a single translation skill cannot be used to translate papers, focusing on the text and based on logical analysis.